Head injuries from bed falls, stairs, bicycles, and playground equipment are among the top causes of pediatric emergency visits. While most result in harmless 'goose eggs' (scalp hematomas), knowing when a CT scan is warranted can be lifesaving.

The PECARN Criteria: When is a CT Scan Necessary?

Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) guidelines help doctors avoid unnecessary radiation while detecting dangerous intracranial bleeds. Immediate CT is indicated if there is loss of consciousness over 5 seconds, abnormal drowsiness, repeated vomiting, or fall from over 3 feet (in infants under 2).

Immediate Home Observation Rules (The 24-Hour Watch)

Apply an ice pack wrapped in a cloth to reduce swelling. Observe your child closely for 24 hours. Waking them once during the night to ensure they recognize you and respond normally is recommended.

Red Flags That Require Immediate Hospital Return

• Projectile or repeated vomiting (more than twice)
• Fluid or blood draining from ears or nose
• Unequal pupil sizes or stumbling gait
• Severe, worsening headache

Doctor's Clinical Insight: "Never give sedative medications after a head injury because they mask vital neurological changes like pupil response and level of alertness." — Dr. Murali Krishna, MCh